Writing expository essay
International Organizations Essay Topics
Thursday, September 3, 2020
Self-Assessment reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words
Self-Assessment reflection - Essay Example I exceptionally esteem an open door for free idea or activity and modestly think about successive salary increases. In addition, I join little hugeness in growing dear kinship at work. Remarkably, these viewpoints would improve my force, bearing, and industriousness towards accomplishing an authoritative objective. In thinking about my predominant needs, my scores for the requirement for accomplishment were 19, for alliance were 14, for self-rule were 20, and for power were 18. Quite, my predominant needs identify with the McClelland's Theory of Needs, which perceives the requirement for accomplishment, and the requirement for power. Be that as it may, I discredit the requirement for association. All the more thus, I put forth a valiant effort at work, where I once in a while invest energy cooperating with individuals. I dismiss oversight and appreciate driving an undertaking in my work. This identifies with the hope hypothesis, which affirms that endeavors lead to effective executio n and that we should remunerate fruitful execution. In investigating the prizes that I esteem most, I have a score of 4 for good work, 4 for renowned title, 3 for excursion time, 4 for professional stability, 3 for acknowledgment, 5 for intriguing work, 3 for wonderful conditions, 5 for headway, 3 for adaptable timetable, and 2 for neighborly laborers. Indeed, acknowledgment is the most remarkable and most affordable working environment helper. All things considered, I profoundly esteem, great compensation, renowned title, and professional stability. Be that as it may, get-away time doesn't make a difference to me. To be sure, installment should associate with execution. In reality, I esteem piece-rate pay where get a fixed total for every unit of creation finished. In considering my view on the idea of individuals my Theory X-Theory-Y, direction had a score of 25. I esteem individuals of hypothesis Y who practice self-heading and poise whenever focused on goals. In a perfect world, I differ that the normal person requires heading and oversight and thus has no aspiration. This speaks to individuals of hypothesis X whom I should constrain or control to perform. I additionally differ that everyone can get initiative however concur that prizes spur individuals to work. Be that as it may, I am uncertain about whether individual workers can impact me and whether independence is more goal arranged than cooperation. Also, I concur that a decent pioneer should give explicit, itemized, and complete guidelines in a workplace. Surely, this identifies with the Goal-Setting Theory, which affirms that the objectives set by the pioneers increment execution in an association. In breaking down my ability to assign, I reacted to 18 things and scored 52 focuses. In a perfect world, I differ that assigning employments prompts lackluster showing. Additionally, I don't regulate my subordinates in mystery and completely delegate every one of my business to the subordinates with a po int of auditing the outcomes. By the by, it isn't sure that I will get time to designate appropriately. All things considered, as indicated by my appraisal results, a supervisor can make the best progress in persuading me by fulfilling my development needs and making an empowering situation for the advancement of new abilities and information at work. In addition, the administrator can effectively spur me by giving me a decent compensation and offering me an opportunity to think and act autonomously. Then again, as indicated by my appraisals, I exceptionally esteem rewards, which incorporate great compensation, renowned title, and employer stability in my work. I additionally esteem a fascinating work and opportunity to progress in my work.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Reviewing The Matrix Revisited (documentary) :: essays research papers
Inside The Matrix Revisited: The Method Behind the Magic à à à à à As a movie producer, I discover seeing narratives that clarify the techniques associated with making significant movies to be extremely quick and intriguing. The Matrix Revisited is truly outstanding of these narratives that I have seen. The Matrix Revisited clarified everything that I needed to think about what went into making The Matrix. Taking into account that the film, The Matrix, left me bewildered with regards to how they made a large portion of the scenes, this useful narrative made me fully aware of the procedures that the producers experienced so as to make the embellishments. The chief of The Matrix Revisited, Josh Oreck, was on the arrangement of the film from the very first moment and got the absolute most astounding tricks at any point put on film while they were being made. For those that have never observed The Matrix, it incorporates a scene where a lady does a cartwheel off of a divider subsequent to running on it for around 6 stages. The Matrix Revi sited shows how a straightforward pulley framework and a great deal of training is all it produced to make this results. The Matrix additionally incorporates a scene where slugs are eased back down to where you can see them and, obviously, the primary on-screen character can evade them. All through the narrative Oreck can respond to questions that I had about how camera focal points where adjusted to leave blue or green tints of shading in specific scenes to isolate ââ¬Å"real lifeâ⬠from ââ¬Å"the Matrixâ⬠, the manner in which they utilized PC illustrations (which clarifies those moderate movement shots), and even the unbelievably unpredictable storyline all in all (equitable in the event that my utilizing the terms ââ¬Å"real lifeâ⬠and ââ¬Å"the Matrixâ⬠befuddled you). The narrative shows the first storyboards made so as to test out the plan to makers, and conceals to and through making the music and altering the film together in the wake of everything el se was done. à à à à à Young movie producers, become practically frightful when they see a film like The Matrix. The enormous size of a film like that can threaten even the most all around prepared understudies. Movie producers in preparing never invest that measure of energy or cash on one film and envisioning doing so can without much of a stretch overpower the brain. The Matrix Revisited assists with putting the entirety of The Matrixââ¬â¢s impacts into setting. It separates them and causes them to appear to be much more straightforward than they show up on screen.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Basic Principles Of Writing Essay Research Paper free essay sample
Essential Principles Of Writing Essay, Research Paper Essential PRINCIPLES OF Writing The essential prinicples of making are to hand-off thoughts, conclusions and looks on paper. The craft of initiation has been noted to emerge in Mesopotamia. Cavern occupants of the antiquated civilisation cut pictures and images on sticks and gives in as an organization to spoke with different people and unassuming communities. Despite the fact that the specific day of the month can non be resolved with respect to when the are of origin was imagined, it was found that initiation was created during the Paleolithic time frame, around 20,000 b.c. Fitting to Egyptian tale, work powers chief figured out how to form from the incomparable God Thoth. Thoth had the caput of a since quite a while ago charged winged animal called Ibis. The account goes that by rubing his measure in the sand, Thoth told individuals the best way to do the imprints with which to enter their thoughts. There are numerous maps that creating can work ; initiation is the head imparting factor in research, confidence, and in keeping up an individual journal. We will compose a custom paper test on Essential Principles Of Writing Essay Research Paper or on the other hand any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Representatives use making to keep up businesses side by side of current issues that may affect work dealingss or customer administration. Without precarious words and quick expressions that involves selling, organizations would non loll the remarkable effects of expanded gross incomes and main concern per centums. The progression of organization correspondences are through letters, updates and electronic sends. Composing as it identifies with investigate is profoundly cardinal. Notable occasions and individuals were recorded in grouped examinations and books. Understudies today would non have the option to hang on the torment and battles that Holocaust casualties needed to process while life in Concentration cantonments, for example, Dachau, Aushwitz and Buchemwald. The uncouth # 8220 ; Center Passageâ⬠of Amistad ; the fight for African-Americans to increase equivalent rights, for example, the option to cast a ballot would just be a murmured talk in the event that it were non for expound periodicals, papers and history books. Composing other than encourages the capacity to investigate and design confidence. A person from any division can larn the fundamental rules of populating an ethically right way of life as it straight identifies with their confidence. Composing was the middle from which confidence was found out to all work powers. The manufacturers and managers of sanctuary observatories needed to enter the movement of the heavenly circles to foresee the beat of seasons, birth, life and perish. Writing in an individual journal is cardinal to recovering the head and soul. Steady and constant journal creation will non simply better your way of initiation, it will take a person in transit of solid colloquialism and empowering them to relate contemplations all the more plainly. Recording individual thoughts and occasions can hold regarding impacts, for example, following individual developing. Composing is cardinal in the technique of individual modification, it has the conceivable to decide contemplations, mentalities, characters and methods of thought. When the purpose of the author is comprehended, the message can hold a significant effect on an individual # 8217 ; s way of life. A full life expectancy can be rebuilt for positive changes with the endowment of making. A writer can follow up on a peruser ages off. Without origin, present day civilisation as we probably am aware it could non be. Composing offers permanency to work powers insight and empowers them to pass on. It is an important status of persistent developing for current twenty-four hours civilisation. The mind boggling society of a higher civilisation would be inconceivable without the specialty of initiation.
Tuesday, June 9, 2020
The Art In Europe The Heritage Of Social Customs And Ethical Values - 275 Words
The Art In Europe: The Heritage Of Social Customs And Ethical Values (Essay Sample) Content: Arts of Movement Name Institutional Affiliation Date of Submission Arts of Movements The arts of movements which are sometimes associated with Western Civilization, Western world, Western Community and Judeo-Greco civilization. However, they are termed in broadly as the heritage of social customs, ethical values, and the traditional customs. The term is often applied beyond other countries and values whose histories are powerfully associated with Europe by colonization or the influence (Travers, 2001). Classicism Classicism is a genre of philosophy which expresses itself in literature, architecture, and music which has Ancient Greek sources and an emphasis on the community. It can also be described as a persistent tendency in the period of Late Antique, having a main revival in Ottonian art. Itââ¬â¢s regarded to high classical period, classical antique primarily in the Western tradition, as a setting moral for taste which the classicists pursue to imitate. Features of Classicism Classical art is famous for its harmony, balance and its sense of quantity. In painting, it employs ideal figures, shapes and treats its matter in emotionally balanced manner. Classical architecture diligently regulated by the mathematical proportions, for example, the Greek designers, use the mathematic calculations for fixing the height and other features of architectural fundamentals. However, the greatest proponents of classicism are; Architecture, painting and the sculpture (Kaplan, 2004). Neoclassicism Neoclassicism is a name given to a western movement in gorgeous and visual arts, architecture, music, and theatre that draws inspiration from Ancient Rome. In English, the term is used primarily in the visual arts; related movement in the English literature which began significantly earlier. It began after 1750 as a revival of Greek art; a straight reaction to the excessiveness of Rococo styles. During the Revolutions in America and French, the political issues began to decline towards an Age of illumination. During the Neoclassicism period, the idea usually included a worship for nature, the classical moral standards and tradition along mistrust for innovation. The Neoclassicism symbolized a reaction alongside the enthusiastic and passionate Renaissance by observing man essentially decent and influenced by an inestimable latent for moral and rational development. The Neoclassical philosophers saw human being as flawed individuals naturally sinful, whose latent was inadequate. In this case, they changed Renaissance focuses on the imagination, development, and research on religion with the reason for common sense, political and rational conservatism. They argued that human being was the suitable subject for art, and saw art as necessarily practical because it was valuable and was regarded as something that was knowledgeable than emotional. The Neoclassic period was divided into three coherent parts; the Augustan Age (1700-1770). The pope was the dominant poetic symbol, the Restoration Age (1660-1700) were Milton and Dryden were the essential influences, Age of Johnson (1750-1798) which was categorized by the mind and performance of the unique Dr. Samuel, whose understandings were with the declining Augustan history. Features of Neo-Classical It was highly critical, an educative category of poetry opposed to the idealistic poetry of the Renaissance Period. It represents the development of themes and the aesthetic values of the earliest classical art. The Champions and creatures from the Greek tradition, for example, were recurrent themes in painting figures. The Neoclassical works were organized, unemotional and strictly heroic. The painter in Neoclassical portrayed matters from the Classical literature used in the earlier Greek and Roman arts. Neoclassical architecture was highly ordered and less impressive than Rococo, though the dividing among the two can occasionally be blurred. Romanticism Romanticism was an art, literature, musical and rational movement that originated in the European at the end of 18th century. The movement emphasized strongly as a reliable source of experience categorizing emotions such as horror especially ones that were experienced in provoking new aesthetic categories and beauty of nature. Its attitude orientation was characterized by many works of criticism, painting, music and the architecture in the Western civilization over a period from 18th to the mid 19th century. It can be seen as a rejection of the principle of order, balance and the wisdom that characterized Classicism in general (Travers, 2001). The Romantic period is regarded as a philosophical movement which affected the way in which people from western nations view the World. Romantic Period agrees with the age of revolution which consists of French Revolution, that affected the literal and social view such that some of its major principles are still existing and has its groups. Features of Romanticism Romanticism usually characterized by its prominence on emotion as well as the glorification of all the previous and nature by preferring the primitive than the classical. It was considered in the deep gratitude of the beauties of nature and a general adoration of emotion over the intellect. It emphasizes in self-examination of individual personality its attitudes and mental potentialities being preoccupied with the genius and the outstanding figures in general. The basic aims of the Romanticisms were to return to nature and to trust in the goodness of the humankind. It also focuses on the development of nationalism superiority. Realism Realism is considered as the beginning of modern philosophy on art. This is because of its opinion that daily life and the modern world were an appropriate subject for art. Philosophically, Realism involved the liberal aim of modernism, seeking the current facts through the investigation and overturning the systems of traditions such as morals, culture, beliefs, and values. What it usually concerned with the way life was organized culturally, politically and economically In the 19th century. Realism was the first anti-institutional art movement, where the Realist painters acquired aims on the social customs and values of the society upon who supported the art market. All realism prove to be historically inadequate because they are approachable primarily to define the features of reality and to be sensitive to psychological and philosophical aspects of a particular period. However, the history of realism is always revealed as an integral onesidedness. Realism as a movement started in France, and then spread across the Europe and was significant for the rest of the century, but eventually becomes less when it approaches the mainstream of painting. During the arrival of impressionism and the other movements demoted the importance of the realism, and finally preferred using more traditional painting style which has been used by numerous movements ( Kaplan, 2004). Features of Realism In painting and theatre, the artists use a source of lighting to reconstruct scenes natural light. This is done by using the real source of light to provide the illumination (Sayer, 2000). The playwrights like Henrik reinforces the concept of realistic accuracy in the form of play, especially the kind of play in which each moment in the stage usually matches a moment of specific time. Realism also emphasize on capturing the experience in biblical, royal and epic subjects. These features are commonly realized in realist paintings, together with the American artist Thomas Eakinââ¬â¢s painting, which described a victim undergoing surgery. Those Commonplace issues have been absurd for the painters of early 17th centuries who expected to portray scenes from the history. Naturalism and Expressionism Naturalism is a historical movement that highlights on observation and the systematic method in the fictional description of reality. Naturalism was established in the late 19...
Sunday, May 17, 2020
Misleading Perfume and Cologne Advertising Essay - 786 Words
Misleading Perfume and Cologne Advertising You sit down to watch one of your favorite TV shows one night and you see it, one of those perfume commercials. On the screen you see a beautiful woman walking up a flight of stairs in an elegant dress with diamonds hanging from her ears and neck. Her face is a picture of perfection, with a slight hint of a beautiful smile. Entering on the left of the screen is a man in a black tuxedo he; wraps his arms around her and kisses her passionately on the lips. They both look at the screen and smile. On the bottom of the screen is a small bottle marked with a label of a recognizable perfume company. Now coming back into reality from the mesmerizing commercial, consider what affectâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦This commercial is controversial and unrealistic simply by the fact that no sane woman would be in any way attracted to a department store mannequin. However, these advertisements prompted many males nationwide to go out and buy Axe body products hoping to get similar results. ââ¬Å" Ross Lovern, a 14-year-old spray user in New York City, says he and his friends decided to go to the drugstore and buy Axe after watching a commercial on MTV featuring a woman crawling all over a mannequin that had just been sprayed with the product. The ad, says Ross, made him think, ââ¬ËThis is the perfect deodorant for me.ââ¬â¢ Ross used Axe at co-ed sleep-away camp last summer and now puts it on every day ââ¬Å"(Beatty, 2004). Even though or maybe because of, the commercial being an extreme exaggeration it created sales. The main object of this approach is that sex sells. There is no question that the use of sexual images motivates people to purchase certain items. Fragrance companies use this fact to their advantage, using attractive women in erotic settings to push fragrances that may perhaps be lagging in sales. Most companies in fact will drop a large sum of money on these commercials to create an alluring image of the perfect scent. For instance, in an article by, Stephanie Thompson (2003) she tells us ââ¬Å"that Ralph Lauren spent roughly $15 million into a push for his fragrance blue in an effort to reach mainstream women with an updated version of its now-laggingShow MoreRelated Advertising - Selling a Lot More than Just a Product Essay2583 Words à |à 11 PagesToday, advertisers use the influence of gender and sex to sell various products to consumers, resulting in unrealistic expectations of men and women to society. According to Vernon Fryburger, author of the book The New Age of Advertising, ââ¬Å"The most important job for advertising is to ââ¬Å"make a saleâ⬠for a product or a service, and to do so it must clearly establish a rapport with its audience, which means that it must consciously stay within relatively narrow bounds of acceptability in terms of languageRead MoreAdvertising Is Legalised Form of Lying3971 Words à |à 16 PagesAdvertising, generally speaking, is the promotion of goods, services, companies and ideas, usually performed by an identified sponsor. Marketers see advertising as part of an overall promotional strategy. Other components of the promotional mix include publicity, public relations, personal selling, and sales promotion. Advertising involves the process where in a massage is designed so as to promote a product, a thought, an idea or even a service. The concept of advertising has assumed a dynamic formRead MoreSetting Product Strategy8596 Words à |à 35 Pagesthat companies should recognize that these items ________ in the potential for being priced higher or advertised more as ways to increase sales, margins, or both. a. differ b. are more elastic c. are less elastic d. respond to advertising differently e. none of the above Answer: a Page: 383 Level of difficulty: Easy 34. A benefit of product mapping is that it identifies ________. a. market matrixes b. target markets c. market segments d. consumers Read Moretest bank16982 Words à |à 68 Pages________ industries to create greater competition and growth opportunities. A) created mass market B) deregulated C) scientifically segmented D) open-market E) regulated 16) ______ 17) A firm can ________ only in the long run. A) modify advertising expenditures B) reduce its sales-force size C) develop new products D) change its price E) All of the above may be done in the short or long run. 17) ______ 18) The ________ is a long channel stretching from raw materials to componentsRead MoreMarketing Management 14th Edition Test Bank Kotler Test Bank173911 Words à |à 696 Pagesconsists of a 70-30 services-to-goods mix. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 5 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Moderate 83) Place marketers include economic development specialists, real estate agents, commercial banks, local business associations, and advertising and public relations agencies. Answer: TRUE Page Ref: 6 Objective: 2 Difficulty: Easy 84) Properties are tangible rights of ownership to either real property (real estate) or financial property (stocks and bonds). Answer: FALSE Page Ref:Read MoreMarketing Management Mcq Test Bank53975 Words à |à 216 Pagesfamiliar with the latter and does not hesitate in choosing Bosch. This example implies that ________. A) the imported brand will not survive the competition from Bosch B) Bosch has a positive customer brand equity C) the South Korean company has a low advertising budget D) the imported brand is unreliable E) the Bosch washing machine has better features than the imported brand Answer: B Page Ref: 244 Objective: 2 AACSB: Analytic skills Difficulty: Easy 2 Copyright à © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. PublishingRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Words à |à 702 Pages161 175 177 190 203 220 233 251 267 ix x â⬠¢ Contents PART V NOTABLE MARKETING SUCCESSES 281 Chapter 18 Chapter 19 Chapter 20 Southwest Airlines: Success Is Finally Contested Nike: A Powerhouse Brand Vanguard: Is Advertising Really Needed? 283 302 319 PART VI ETHICAL MISTAKES Chapter 21 Chapter 22 Chapter 23 Merckââ¬â¢s Vioxx: Catastrophe and Other Problems MetLife: Deceptive Sales Practices Ford Explorers with Firestone Tires: A Killer Scenario Ill
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
The Apartheid Of The Vietnam War - 1723 Words
In the year 1959, the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) protested the Vietnam War and other injustices within America, and they only dissented peacefully. But from this came another organization so radical that other radical liberals disowned them. The group stemmed from SDS and many of their members originated in the peaceful movement; however, they grew tired of the miniscule results of nonviolence. The association was ready to do more than hold up signs and hope that someone would listen. They were prepared to destroy and they were prepared for people to get hurt. They were the Weathermen. Their violence ranged from the destruction of buildings, to the injury and murder of innocents and police. Primarily, The Weathermen aimed toâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦In order to advocate for the end of the Vietnam War, SDS used forms of resistance that seemed to be too radical for most other groups of the time. One action that set them apart from others was their defiance of the gove rnment as they refused to be drafted for the war and on some occasions would openly set fire to the letters. Some significant members of SDS, such as Bernardine Dohrn and John Jacobs, wished to hold all of the leadership roles in the association. Attempting to differentiate themselves from other sects of SDS, Jacobs wrote the ââ¬Å"Weatherman Paperâ⬠and marked it with the signatures of other members including Dohrn, Jeff Jones, Mark Rudd, Bill Ayers, Terry Robbins, Jim Mellen, and Howie Machtinger. The paper did not address issues separately; it composed all concerns into one global struggle of the oppressed versus the oppressors. After the election of the Weathermen as the leaders of SDS, the group became a reality. While the focus of the Weathermen at the time was ending Americaââ¬â¢s destructive presence in Vietnam, they had other goals in the long run. Because of their objective to end racism, the organization had hoped to bring in many African American members and be able to fight with groups such as the Black Panthers; however, the group remained predominantly white as almost no black Americans wanted to join. The Weathermen also aimed to break gender stereotypes and sexism, and developed new rules surrounding monogamy. Every member who was in a
Genetic Engineering, History And Future Essay Example For Students
Genetic Engineering, History And Future Essay Science is a creature that continues to evolve at a much higher rate than the beings thatgave it birth. The transformation time from tree-shrew, to ape, to human far exceeds the timefrom analytical engine, to calculator, to computer. But science, in the past, has always remaineddistant. It has allowed for advances in production, transportation, and even entertainment, butnever in history will science be able to so deeply affect our lives as genetic engineering willundoubtedly do. With the birth of this new technology, scientific extremists and anti-technologists have risen in arms to block its budding future. Spreading fear by misinterpretationof facts, they promote their hidden agendas in the halls of the United States congress. Geneticengineering is a safe and powerful tool that will yield unprecedented results, specifically in thefield of medicine. It will usher in a world where gene defects, bacterial disease, and even agingare a thing of the past. By understanding genetic engine ering and its history, discovering itspossibilities, and answering the moral and safety questions it brings forth, the blanket of fearcovering this remarkable technical miracle can be lifted. The first step to understanding genetic engineering, and embracing its possibilities forsociety, is to obtain a rough knowledge base of its history and method. The basis for altering theevolutionary process is dependant on the understanding of how individuals pass oncharacteristics to their offspring. Genetics achieved its first foothold on the secrets of naturesevolutionary process when an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel developed the first laws ofheredity. Using these laws, scientists studied the characteristics of organisms for most of thenext one hundred years following Mendels discovery. These early studies concluded that eachorganism has two sets of character determinants, or genes (Stableford 16). For instance, inregards to eye color, a child could receive one set of genes from his father that were encoded oneblue, and the other brown. The same child could also receive two brown genes from his mother. The conclusion for this inheritance would be the child has a three in fou r chance of havingbrown eyes, and a one in three chance of having blue eyes (Stableford 16). Genes are transmitted through chromosomes which reside in the nucleus of every livingorganisms cells. Each chromosome is made up of fine strands of deoxyribonucleic acids, orDNA. The information carried on the DNA determines the cells function within the organism. Sex cells are the only cells that contain a complete DNA map of the organism, therefore, thestructure of a DNA molecule or combination of DNA molecules determines the shape, form, andfunction of the organisms offspring (Lewin 1). DNA discovery is attributed to the researchof three scientists, Francis Crick, Maurice Wilkins, and James Dewey Watson in 1951. Theywere all later accredited with the Nobel Price in physiology and medicine in 1962 (Lewin 1). The new science of genetic engineering aims to take a dramatic short cut in the slowprocess of evolution (Stableford 25). In essence, scientists aim to remove one gene from anorganisms DNA, and place it into the DNA of another organism. This would create a new DNAstrand, full of new encoded instructions; a strand that would have taken Mother Nature millionsof years of natural selection to develop. Isolating and removing a desired gene from a DNAstrand involves many different tools. DNA can be broken up by exposing it to ultra-high-frequency sound waves, but this is an extremely inaccurate way of isolating a desirable DNA section (Stableford 26). A more accurate way of DNA splicing is the use of restrictionenzymes, which are produced by various species of bacteria (Clarke 1). The restrictionenzymes cut the DNA strand at a particular location called a nucleotide base, which makes up aDNA molecule. Now that the desired portion of the DNA is cut out, it can be joined to anotherstrand of DNA by using enzymes called ligases. The final important step in the creation of anew DNA strand is giving it the ability to self-replicate. This can be accomplished by usingspecial pieces of DNA, called vectors, that permit the generation of multiple copies of a totalDNA strand and fusing it to the newly created DNA structure. Another newly developedmethod, called polymerase chain reaction, allows for faster replication of DNA strands and doesnot require the use of vectors (Clarke 1). The possibilities of genetic engineering are endless. Once the power to control theinstructions, given to a single cell, are mastered anything can be accomplished. For example,insulin can be created and grown in large quantities by using an inexpensive gene manipulationmethod of growing a certain bacteria. This supply of insulin is also not dependant on the supplyof pancreatic tissue from animals. Recombinant factor VIII, the blood clotting agent missing inpeople suffering from hemophilia, can also be created by genetic engineering. Virtually allpeople who were treated with factor VIII before 1985 acquired HIV, and later AIDS. Beingcompletely pure, the bioengineered version of factor VIII eliminates any possibility of viralinfection. Other uses of genetic engineering include creating disease resistant crops, formulatingmilk from cows already containing pharmaceutical compounds, generating vaccines, andaltering livestock traits (Clarke 1). In the not so distant future, genetic engine ering will becomea principal player in fighting genetic, bacterial, and viral disease, along with controlling aging,and providing replaceable parts for humans. Medicine has seen many new innovations in its history. The discovery of anestheticspermitted the birth of modern surgery, while the production of antibiotics in the 1920sminimized the threat from diseases such as pneumonia, tuberculosis and cholera. The creationof serums which build up the bodies immune system to specific infections, before being laid lowwith them, has also enhanced modern medicine greatly (Stableford 59). All of these discoveries,however, will fall under the broad shadow of genetic engineering when it reaches its apex in themedical community. Life Through My Eyes Essay The evolution of man can be broken up into three basic stages. The first, lasting millionsof years, slowly shaped human nature from Homo erectus to Home sapiens. Natural selectionprovided the means for countless random mutations resulting in the appearance of such humancharacteristics as hands and feet. The second stage, after the full development of the humanbody and mind, saw humans moving from wild foragers to an agriculture based society. Naturalselection received a helping hand as man took advantage of random mutations in nature and bredmore productive species of plants and animals. The most bountiful wheats were collected andre-planted, and the fastest horses were bred with equally faster horses. Even in our recenthistory the strongest black male slaves were mated with the hardest working female slaves. Thethird stage, still developing today, will not require the chance acquisition of super-mutations innature. Man will be able to create such super-s pecies without the strict limitations imposed bynatural selection. By examining the natural slope of this evolution, the third stage is a naturaland inevitable plateau that man will achieve (Stableford 8). This omniscient control of ourworld may seem completely foreign, but the thought of the Egyptians erecting vast pyramidswould have seem strange to Homo erectus as well. Many claim genetic engineering will cause unseen disasters spiraling our world intochaotic darkness. However, few realize that many safety nets regarding bioengineering arealready in effect. The Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RAC) was formed under theNational Institute of Health to provide guidelines for research on engineered bacteria forindustrial use. The RAC has also set very restrictive guidelines requiring Federal approval ifresearch involves pathogenicity (the rare ability of a microbe to cause disease) (Davis, Roche69). It is well established that most natural bacteria do not cause disease. After many years ofexperimentation, microbiologists have demonstrated that they can engineer bacteria that are justas safe as their natural counterparts (Davis, Rouche 70). In fact the RAC reports that there hasnot been a single case of illness or harm caused by recombinant engineered bacteria, and theynow are used safely in high school experiments (Davis, Rouche 69). Scientists have alsodevised other methods of preventing bacteria from escaping their labs, such as modifying thebacteria so that it will die if it is removed from the laboratory environment. This creates a shieldof complete safety for the outside world. It is also thought that if such bacteria were to escape itwould act like smallpox or anthrax and ravage the land. However, laboratory-created organismsare not as competitive as pathogens. Davis and Roche sum it up in extremely laymens terms,no matter how much Frostban you dump on a field, its not go ing to spread (70). In factFrostbran, developed by Steven Lindow at the University of California, Berkeley, was sprayed ona test field in 1987 and was proven by a RAC committee to be completely harmless (Thompson104). Fear of the unknown has slowed the progress of many scientific discoveries in the past. The thought of man flying or stepping on the moon did not come easy to the average citizens ofthe world. But the fact remains, they were accepted and are now an everyday occurrence in ourlives. Genetic engineering too is in its period of fear and misunderstanding, but like every greatdiscovery in history, it will enjoy its time of realization and come into full use in society. Theworld is on the brink of the most exciting step into human evolution ever, and throughknowledge and exploration, should welcome it and its possibilities with open arms. Works CitedClarke, Bryan C. Genetic Engineering. Microsoft (R) Encarta. Microsoft Corporation, Funk ; Wagnalls Corporation, 1994. Davis, Bernard, and Lissa Roche. Sorcerers Apprentice or Handmaidento Humanity. USA TODAY: The Magazine of the American Scene GUSA 118Nov 1989: 68-70. Lewin, Seymour Z. Nucleic Acids. Microsoft (R) Encarta. MicrosoftCorporation, Funk ; Wagnalls Corporation, 1994. Stableford, Brian. Future Man. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1984. Thompson, Dick. The Most Hated Man in Science. Time 23 Dec 4 1989:102-104Words/ Pages : 3,096 / 24
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)